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Value added in the poplar wood value chain has great economic effects for poplar farmers and have a fundamental role in sustainable supplying of required cellulosic materials of industries in long-term. The purpose of this study was to analyze the value chain of poplar and use the results to improve it. In order to determine the poplar value chain, Porter's value chain analysis framework was used. The statistical society consists of 76 experts to identify poplar wood value who were active in different parts of the value chain. Value chain analysis was performed using the location quotient index. With this method the local economic conditions of poplar wood value chain were evaluated to the global economic conditions poplar wood value chain in the country. With the help of experts and using a questionnaire, important industries that use poplar wood as a raw material were determined. The maximum poplar value chain location quotient index was blong to Golestan (2.72) and the minimum poplar value chain location quotient index was blong to Hormozgan (0.24). The Northern provinces (Golestan, Guilan and Mazandaran) had the highest location quotient index. The location quotient index of the poplar wood value chain of Golestan, Guilan and Mazandaran were 2.72, 2.19 and 2.03, respectively. The location quotient index of poplar wood in Zanjan, West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan and Kurdistan that they are major manufacturers of poplar wood, were 0.36, 0.47 0.65 and 0.84, respectively.