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The volatile metabolites of <i>Salvia sclarea</i>, <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>, <i>Thymus serpyllum</i>, <i>Mentha spicata</i>, <i>Melissa officinalis</i>, <i>Origanum majorana</i>, <i>Mentha piperita</i>, <i>Ocimum basilicum</i> and <i>Lavandula angustifolia</i> were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The vapor insecticidal properties of the analyzed essential oils and their compounds were screened using <i>Reticulitermes dabieshanensis</i> workers. The most effective oils were <i>S. sclarea</i> (major constituent linalyl acetate, 65.93%), <i>R. officinalis</i> (1,8-cineole, 45.56%), <i>T. serpyllum</i> (thymol, 33.59%), M. spicata (carvone, 58.68%), <i>M. officinalis</i> (citronellal, 36.99%), <i>O. majorana</i> (1,8-cineole, 62.29%), <i>M. piperita</i> (menthol, 46.04%), <i>O. basilicum</i> (eugenol, 71.08%) and <i>L. angustifolia</i> (linalool, 39.58%), which exhibited LC₅₀ values ranging from 0.036 to 1.670 μL/L. The lowest LC₅₀ values were recorded for eugenol (0.060 μL/L), followed by thymol (0.062 μL/L), carvone (0.074 μL/L), menthol (0.242 μL/L), linalool (0.250 μL/L), citronellal (0.330 μL/L), linalyl acetate (0.712 μL/L) and 1,8-cineole (1.478 μL/L). The increased activity of esterases (ESTs) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were observed but only alongside the decreased activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in eight main components. Our results indicate that <i>S. sclarea</i>, <i>R. officinalis</i>, <i>T. serpyllum</i>, <i>M. spicata</i>, <i>M. officinalis</i>, <i>O. marjorana</i>, <i>M. piperita</i>, <i>O. basilicum</i> and <i>L. angustifolia</i> essential oils (EOs) and their compounds, linalyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, thymol, carvone, citronellal, menthol, eugenol and linalool could be developed as control agents against termites.