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Our previous study showed that COPPER-CONTAINING AMINE OXIDASE (CuAO) and AMINOALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE (AMADH) could regulate the accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in tea through the polyamine degradation pathway. However, their biological function in drought tolerance has not been determined. In this study, <i>Camellia sinensis</i> (<i>Cs</i>) CsCuAO1 associated with CsAMADH1 conferred drought tolerance, which modulated GABA levels in tea plants. The results showed that exogenous GABA spraying effectively alleviated the drought-induced physical damage. <i>Arabidopsis</i> lines overexpressing <i>CsCuAO1</i> and <i>CsAMADH1</i> exhibited enhanced resistance to drought, which promoted the synthesis of GABA and putrescine by stimulating reactive oxygen species’ scavenging capacity and stomatal movement. However, the suppression of <i>CsCuAO1</i> or <i>CsAMADH1</i> in tea plants resulted in increased sensitivity to drought treatment. Moreover, co-overexpressing plants increased GABA accumulation both in an <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> transient assay and transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i> plants. In addition, a GABA transporter gene, <i>CsGAT1</i>, was identified, whose expression was strongly correlated with GABA accumulation levels in different tissues under drought stress. Taken together, CsCuAO1 and CsAMADH1 were involved in the response to drought stress through a dynamic GABA-putrescine balance. Our data will contribute to the characterization of GABA’s biological functions in response to environmental stresses in plants.