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Lightning-induced damages to wind turbine blades are widely recognized as severe and can result in unplanned plant shutdowns. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate the different causes of blade damage and categorize them based on their severity and other relevant factors. By conducting a comprehensive study on the classification of damage characteristics caused by wind turbine blades, taking into account various causes and protective measures, this research aims to provide valuable insights for individuals involved in wind turbine design, construction, and operation. Specifically focusing on damages caused by lightning strikes, this paper also proposes several potential countermeasures to safeguard the blades.