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Two new sesquiterpenoid derivatives, elgonenes M (<b>1</b>) and N (<b>2</b>), and a new shikimic acid metabolite, methyl 5-<i>O</i>-acetyl-5-<i>epi</i>-shikimate (<b>3</b>), were isolated from the mangrove sediment-derived fungus <i>Roussoella</i> sp. SCSIO 41427 together with fourteen known compounds (<b>4</b>–<b>17</b>). The planar structures were elucidated through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopic (MS) analyses. The relative configurations of <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> were ascertained by NOESY experiments, while their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Elgonene M (<b>1</b>) exhibited inhibition of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, at a concentration of 5 μM, with an inhibitory ratio of 31.14%. On the other hand, elgonene N (<b>2</b>) demonstrated inhibition at a concentration of 20 μM, with inhibitory ratios of 27.57%.