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Mechanical equipment in the field of aerospace that is used only once is called disposable machinery. As a piece of typical disposable machinery, disposable harmonic gear exhibit stiffness failure with a large load. This manuscript distinguishes disposable harmonic gear from conventional harmonic gear in terms of the application environment and structure. Then, this paper determines the single-tooth stiffness of the disposable harmonic gear under full load by using the non-uniform beam model and the improved energy method. In addition, the multi-tooth meshing in the disposable harmonic drive is considered, and the improved energy method is modified. Besides, the normal contact force and comprehensive elastic displacement at each meshing position are calculated according to the finite element model. Additionally, curves of the single-tooth stiffness and the comprehensive meshing stiffness are obtained. The theoretical results of the modified analytical method and FEM are compared to verify the correctness of the proposed method in terms of calculating the meshing stiffness of the disposable harmonic drive. Finally, FEM is used to obtain the failure form of the disposable harmonic gear under overload.