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Insertion of a hemodialysis catheter into the internal jugular vein is a commonly performed procedure for intermittent hemodialysis. However, arterial misplacement of the hemodialysis catheter can occur and lead to serious complications, such as major stroke due to intra-arterial thrombus. Here, we report a case in which open surgery was performed to avoid major stroke following the accidental insertion of a hemodialysis catheter into the common carotid artery. We suggest that early open surgery should be performed as soon as possible if the accidental insertion of a hemodialysis catheter into the carotid artery is recognized.