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Circadian variations in conjunction with sleep-related heart rhythm changes and sleep<br />disordered breathing (SDB) are contributing risk factors for stroke. Strong scientific<br />evidence now exists indicating that SDB contributes to systemic hypertension, a<br />prominent risk factor for stroke, and compelling circumstantial evidence is present<br />suggesting that SDB raises the risk for development of stroke through other circulatory<br />mechanisms as well. Preliminary evidence indicates that post-stroke patients have a<br />higher prevalence of SDB, which is likely to compromise their rehabilitation outcomes.<br />Since SDB is modifiable with the application of CPAP and other treatment modalities,<br />there is practical value in investigating patients at risk of stroke or post stroke for<br />presence of SDB. Successful application of CPAP or BiPAP therapy may improve the<br />outcome in both instances.<br />Key words : Sleep, Stroke, SDB, CPAP