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Management of chronic heart failure (CHF) remains one of the most important problems in modern cardiology. Despite the recent pharmacotherapy successes, substantial numbers of CHF patients remain resistant to pharmaceutical treatment. Over the last decade, a new CHF management method, based on cardiostimulation technologies, has become widely used. The implantation of three-chamber cardiac pacemakers provides an opportunity to perform cardiac resynchronisation therapy. This method targets dyssynchrony of myocardial excitation, as a pathogenetic component of CHF. This review describes the main components of dyssynchrony pathogenesis and pathophysiological mechanisms of its correction via biventricular stimulation.