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Air pollution is the environmental issue of greatest concern in China, especially the PM_2.5 pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration (BTHUA). Based on sustainable development, it is of interest to study the spatiotemporal distribution of PM_2.5 and its influencing mechanisms. This study reveals the temporal evolution and spatial clustering characteristic of PM_2.5 pollution from 2015 to 2019, and quantifies the drivers of its natural and socioeconomic factors on it by using a geographical temporal weighted regression model. Results show that PM_2.5 concentrations reached their highest level in 2015 before decreasing in the following years. The monthly averages all present a U-shaped change trend. Relative to the traditional high concentrations in the northern part of the BTHUA domain in 2015, the gap in pollution between the north and south has reduced since 2018. The obvious spatial heterogeneity was demonstrated in both the strength and direction of the variables. This study may help identify reasons for high PM_2.5 concentrations and suggest appropriate targeted control and prevention measures.