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The studies of the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) in Pediatrics are of importance to make a diagnosis of the epidemiological situation and enable the development of efficient health policies. The geographical variation in incidence reflects a different degree of susceptibility to diabetes among populations. Although genetic susceptibility is necessary for the development of DM1, its etiology is multifactorial. A sustained increase in the incidence in populations and in some age groups has been described, sometimes with different characteristics in different reports.