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The influence of concrete components on projectile penetration is significant. To study the relationship between the equivalent mechanical properties and components of concrete under a penetration load, concrete is simplified as a two-phase composite of coarse aggregate and mortar, and a meso-mechanical model is established, including the equivalent equation of state model, the equivalent confining pressure strength model and the equivalent dynamic tensile strength model, considering shear stress, large deformation and pore compression. Tests of the mechanical properties of mortar, concrete and limestone were conducted; the results show that the equivalent mechanical properties of concrete calculated by the meso-mechanical model are consistent with the test results, and the equivalent mechanical properties of concrete with different volume fractions of coarse aggregate are obtained. Meso-scale and macro-scale numerical simulations of a projectile penetrating into concrete are carried out, the penetration depths obtained by meso-scale and macro-scale numerical simulations are consistent for different volume fractions of coarse aggregate and different velocities of the projectile, which verifies the rationality of the meso-mechanical model. Keywords: Meso-mechanical, Inclusion model, Concrete, Penetration, Projectile