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Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological malignant tumor. Effective screening methods for ovarian cancer are lacking because early symptoms and signs are not significant and the onset is elusive. The incidence of ovarian cancer complicated with ovarian abscess or malignant transformation from ovarian abscess to ovarian cancer is extremely low. The diagnosis depends on clinical laboratory examinations, pathological examination and immunohistochemical staining. Surgery is the main treatment, supplemented with chemotherapy with or without targeted therapy. Clinical efficacy is not satisfactory. In this article, medical records and related literature reviews were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of a case of ovarian adenocarcinoma complicated with ovarian abscess were reported, aiming to captivate extensive attention from clinicians, deepen the understanding of this type of disease, and provide evidence for diagnosis and treatment.