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Pleosporales is the largest and most morphologically diverse order in Dothideomycetes, including a large proportion of saprobic fungi. During the investigation of microfungi from decaying wood in Sichuan Province, several novel fungal taxa of asexual and sexual morphs were collected, identified, and well-described. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU, ITS, LSU, <i>RPB2</i> and <i>TEF1</i><i>α</i> gene sequences suggested that these new taxa were related to Pleosporales and distributed in five families, <i>viz.</i> Amorosiaceae, Bambusicolaceae, Lophiostomataceae, Occultibambusaceae and Tetraplosphaeriaceae. The morphological comparison and molecular phylogeny evidence justify the establishment of six new taxa, namely <i>Bambusicola guttulata</i> sp. nov., <i>Flabellascoma sichuanense</i> sp. nov., <i>Neoangustimassarina sichuanensis</i> gen. et sp. nov., <i>Occultibambusa sichuanensis</i> sp. nov. and <i>Pseudotetraploa bambusicola</i> sp. nov. Among them, <i>Neoangustimassarina</i> was introduced as the second sexual morph genus in Amorosiaceae; <i>Bambusicola guttulata</i>, <i>O. sichuanensis</i> and <i>P. bambusicola</i> were isolated from bamboos, which contributed to the diversity of bambusicolous fungi. The detailed, illustrated descriptions and notes for each new taxon are provided, as well as a brief note for each family. The potential richness of fungal diversity in Sichuan Province is also discussed.