Simultaneous Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Heather (<i>Calluna vulgaris</i> L.) and Marigold (<i>Calendula officinalis</i> L.) and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Extracts

oleh: David Villanueva-Bermejo, Erika Vázquez, Marisol Villalva, Susana Santoyo, Tiziana Fornari, Guillermo Reglero, Mónica Rodriguez García-Risco

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2019-05-01

Deskripsi

Heather (<i>Calluna vulgaris</i> L.) and marigold (<i>Calendula officinalis</i> L.) are two rich sources of bioactive pentacyclic triterpenes. The supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO<sub>2</sub>) extraction of these two plants was explored at a pressure range of 25&#8722;50 MPa, 50 &#176;C, with or without fractionation, different extraction times (1.5&#8722;4.0 h) and using ethanol as a co-solvent (0 and 10% w/w). In order to determine potential synergisms, a combined extraction (heather + marigold 50:50) was also studied. In general, higher extraction yields were achieved when the co-solvent was added. Higher concentrations of total triterpenic acids were obtained in heather extracts, specially using ethanol. The co-solvent did not increase the terpene concentration in marigold extracts. For the combined extraction, an antagonist effect in the triterpene concentration was observed in absence of a co-solvent, whereas a synergistic effect was exhibited in its presence, especially for ursolic acid. In general, the extracts showed a certain anti-inflammatory effect, although a straight correlation with the analyzed triterpenic acids concentration was not exhibited. Moreover, the combined extraction exposed a similar anti-inflammatory activity in comparison with the individual plant extracts.