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<i>Background and objectives:</i> Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. Most newly diagnosed ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease. Despite various treatments, most patients with advanced stage ovarian cancer, including serous ovarian cancer (the most common subtype of ovarian cancer), experience recurrence, which is associated with extremely poor prognoses. In the present study, we aimed to identify core genes involved in ovarian cancer and their associated molecular mechanisms, as well as to investigate related clinicopathological implications in ovarian cancer. <i>Materials and methods:</i> Three gene expression cohorts (GSE14407, GSE36668, and GSE38666) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus databases to explore potential therapeutic biomarkers for ovarian cancer. Nine up-regulated and six down-regulated genes were screened. Three publicly available gene expression datasets (GSE14407, GSE36668, and GSE38666) were analyzed. <i>Results:</i> A total of 14 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, among which nine genes were upregulated (<i>BIRC5</i>, <i>CDCA3</i>, <i>CENPF</i>, <i>KIF4A</i>, <i>NCAPG</i>, <i>RRM2</i>, <i>UBE2C</i>, <i>VEGFA</i>, and <i>NR2F6</i>) and were found to be significantly enriched in cell cycle regulation by gene ontology analysis. Further protein–protein interaction network analysis revealed seven hub genes among these DEGs. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that a higher expression of <i>CDCA3</i> and <i>UBE2C</i> was associated with poor overall patient survival regardless of tumor stage and a higher tumor histologic grade. <i>Conclusion</i>: Altogether, our study suggests that <i>CDCA3</i> and <i>UBE2C</i> may be valuable biomarkers for predicting the outcome of patients with advanced serous ovarian cancer.