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Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis in Cockroach Parasitoid <i>Tetrastichus hagenowii</i> (Ratzeburg)
oleh: Renke Dong, Fengming Cao, Jincong Yu, Yuan Yuan, Jiahui Wang, Zining Li, Chunxue Zhu, Sheng Li, Na Li
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2024-09-01 |
Deskripsi
Parasitoid wasps play a crucial role in the efficient control of pests, a substantial menace to human health and well-being. <i>Tetrastichus hagenowii</i> (Ratzeburg) stands out as the most effective egg parasitoid wasp for controlling American cockroaches, but accurate and stable reference genes for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of <i>T. hagenowii</i> genes are still lacking. In this study, we assessed seven candidate nuclear genes, including <i>α-tubulin</i> (<i>α-TUB</i>), <i>elongation factor-1-alpha</i> (<i>EF-1α</i>), <i>β-actin</i> (<i>Actin</i>), <i>ribosomal protein 49</i> (<i>RP49</i>), <i>glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase</i> (<i>GAPDH</i>), <i>nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide</i> (<i>NADH</i>), and <i>elongation factor 2</i> (<i>EF2</i>) of <i>T. hagenowii</i>. By analyzing expression stability with four algorithms (Delta Ct, geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper), as well as comprehensive ranking with RefFinder, we identified <i>α-TUB</i> as the most stable reference gene for the larval, pupal, female adult, and male adult stages. Subsequently, we estimated the transcript levels of vitellogenin (<i>Vg</i>) and cuticle protein (<i>CP</i>) after normalization with <i>α-TUB</i> across various developmental stages. Significantly higher expression levels of <i>CP</i> and <i>Vg</i> were observed in pupae and female adults, respectively, consistent with previous findings in other insects. This study offers a reliable reference gene for normalizing transcription levels of <i>T. hagenowii</i> genes.