Iron Fortification and Bioavailability of Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) Seeds and Flour

oleh: Tamanna A. Jahan, Albert Vandenberg, Raymond P. Glahn, Robert T. Tyler, Martin J. T. Reaney, Bunyamin Tar’an

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2019-09-01

Deskripsi

Iron (Fe) deficiency is one of the most common nutritional disorders, and is mainly due to insufficient intake of bioavailable Fe. Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) was examined as a potential vehicle for Fe fortification. Fortificants (FeSO<sub>4</sub>&#183;7H<sub>2</sub>O (ferrous sulfate hepta-hydrate), FeSO<sub>4</sub>&#183;H<sub>2</sub>O (ferrous sulfate mono-hydrate) and NaFeEDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid iron (iii) sodium salt)) were applied by a spraying and drying method. At 2000 &#181;g g<sup>&#8722;1</sup> iron fortificant, the fortified split desi seeds (dal), desi flour and kabuli flour supplied 18&#8722;19 mg, 16&#8722;20 mg and 11&#8722;19 mg Fe per 100 g, respectively. The overall consumer acceptability using a nine-point hedonic scale for sensory evaluation demonstrated that NaFeEDTA-fortified cooked chickpea (soup and chapatti) scored the highest among the three fortificants. Lightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) of Fe-fortified products changed over time. However, no organoleptic changes occurred. Fe bioavailability was increased by 5.8&#8722;10.5, 15.3&#8722;25.0 and 4.8&#8722;9.0 ng ferritin mg<sup>&#8722;1</sup> protein for cooked split desi seeds (soup), desi chapatti and kabuli chapatti, respectively, when prepared using Fe-fortified chickpea. Desi chapatti showed significantly higher Fe bioavailability than the other two. The increase in Fe concentration and bioavailability in fortified chickpea products demonstrated that these products could provide a significant proportion of the recommended daily Fe requirement.