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Iron Fortification and Bioavailability of Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) Seeds and Flour
oleh: Tamanna A. Jahan, Albert Vandenberg, Raymond P. Glahn, Robert T. Tyler, Martin J. T. Reaney, Bunyamin Tar’an
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2019-09-01 |
Deskripsi
Iron (Fe) deficiency is one of the most common nutritional disorders, and is mainly due to insufficient intake of bioavailable Fe. Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) was examined as a potential vehicle for Fe fortification. Fortificants (FeSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O (ferrous sulfate hepta-hydrate), FeSO<sub>4</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O (ferrous sulfate mono-hydrate) and NaFeEDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid iron (iii) sodium salt)) were applied by a spraying and drying method. At 2000 µg g<sup>−1</sup> iron fortificant, the fortified split desi seeds (dal), desi flour and kabuli flour supplied 18−19 mg, 16−20 mg and 11−19 mg Fe per 100 g, respectively. The overall consumer acceptability using a nine-point hedonic scale for sensory evaluation demonstrated that NaFeEDTA-fortified cooked chickpea (soup and chapatti) scored the highest among the three fortificants. Lightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) of Fe-fortified products changed over time. However, no organoleptic changes occurred. Fe bioavailability was increased by 5.8−10.5, 15.3−25.0 and 4.8−9.0 ng ferritin mg<sup>−1</sup> protein for cooked split desi seeds (soup), desi chapatti and kabuli chapatti, respectively, when prepared using Fe-fortified chickpea. Desi chapatti showed significantly higher Fe bioavailability than the other two. The increase in Fe concentration and bioavailability in fortified chickpea products demonstrated that these products could provide a significant proportion of the recommended daily Fe requirement.