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Neutrophils are resident immune cells in the lung, which can release decondensed chromatin containing neutrophil elastases, myeloperoxidases, citrullinated histones and cytoskeletal proteins upon stimulation, namely neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs). NETs play an anti-infective role in lung diseases. But excessive NETs release potentially leads to cause lung tissue injury, enhances inflammatory response and promotes tumor metastasis. These results of research provide some new ideas for the development of potential drugs.