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This work presents observations of the aerosol mixed layer in the planetary boundary layer and aerosol layers in the lower troposphere during a case of winter Bise wind. The Bise wind event occurred from December 5 till December 18, 2001. The observations were performed above Neuchâtel, Switzerland, 47.00°N, 6.95°E, 488 m asl, using a ground-based backscatter lidar, operating at a wavelength of 532 nm. The height of the aerosol mixed layer was found to extend up to 0.6-0.8 km agl. Another aerosol layer centred around 1.5 km and 2.5 km agl was also observed. The combination of the lidar-observed profiles with radiosonde measurements from Payerne station shows a coincidence of the altitudes of the observed aerosol layers with the altitudes of the Bise wind layer. Back trajectories were used to trace the incoming Bise air masses showing a likely origin from North America.