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Enhancing the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub>/Na<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>6</sub>O<sub>13</sub> Composites by Gold for the Photodegradation of Phenol
oleh: Muhamad Diki Permana, Atiek Rostika Noviyanti, Putri Rizka Lestari, Nobuhiro Kumada, Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy, Iman Rahayu
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2022-09-01 |
Deskripsi
This study aims to synthesize Au/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Na<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>6</sub>O<sub>13</sub> composites to reduce the occurrence of recombination and increase photocatalytic activity in phenol degradation. Gold was used due to its high stability and strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties which make it operate effectively in the visible light spectrum. The prepared composites were characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and DRS. The results showed that the composite consisted of rutile TiO<sub>2</sub> with a crystal size of 38–40 nm and Na<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>6</sub>O<sub>13</sub> with a crystal size of 25 nm. The gold in the composite has a crystallite size of 16–19 nm along with the percentage of gold added. Morphological analysis shows that the composite has the form of inhomogeneous spherical particles with gold spread among composites with sizes less than 20 nm. FTIR analysis showed the presence of Na–O and Ti–O–Ti bonds in the composite. The best composite was 3% Au/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Na<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>6</sub>O<sub>13</sub> which had high crystallinity, small particle size, and bandgap energy of 2.59 eV. Furthermore, it had an efficiency 205% better than without gold. After that, cost estimation is proposed as a large-scale application. This study describes the total cost, break-even analysis, and payback analysis for the commercialization needs of the designed photocatalytic catalyst.