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(1) Background: Hormone-dependent events that occur throughout spermatogenesis during postnatal testis maturation are significant for adult male fertility. Any disturbances in the T/DHT ratio in male progeny born from females fertilized by finasteride-treated male rats (F0:Fin) can result in the impairment of testicular physiology. The goal of this work was to profile the testicular transcriptome in the male filial generation (F1:Fin) from paternal F0:Fin rats. (2) Methods: The subject material for the study were testis from immature and mature male rats born from females fertilized by finasteride-treated rats. Testicular tissues from the offspring were used in microarray analyses. (3) Results: The top 10 genes having the highest and lowest fold change values were mainly those that encoded odoriferous (<i>Olfr</i>: <i>31</i>, <i>331</i>, <i>365</i>, <i>633</i>, <i>774</i>, <i>814</i>, <i>890</i>, <i>935</i>, <i>1109</i>, <i>1112</i>, <i>1173</i>, <i>1251</i>, <i>1259</i>, <i>1253</i>, <i>1383</i>) and vomeronasal (<i>Vmn1r</i>: <i>50</i>, <i>103</i>, <i>210</i>, <i>211</i>; <i>Vmn2r</i>: <i>3</i>, <i>23</i>, <i>99</i>) receptors and <i>RIKEN cDNA 5430402E10</i>, also known as odorant-binding protein. (4) Conclusions: Finasteride treatment of male adult rats may cause changes in the testicular transcriptome of their male offspring, leading to a defective function of spermatozoa in response to odorant-like signals, which are recently more and more often noticed as significant players in male fertility.