Anti-cariogenic Properties of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> in the Utilization of Galacto-Oligosaccharide

oleh: Xinyan Huang, Jianhang Bao, Yan Zeng, Gina Meng, Xingyi Lu, Tong Tong Wu, Yanfang Ren, Jin Xiao

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2023-04-01

Deskripsi

Ecological approaches can help to correct oral microbial dysbiosis and drive the advent and persistence of a symbiotic oral microbiome, which benefits long-term dental caries control. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the prebiotic Galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) on the growth of probiotics <i>L. plantarum</i> 14,917 and its effect on the inhibitory ability of <i>L. plantarum</i> 14,917 against the growth of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> in an in vitro model. Single-species growth screenings were conducted in TSBYE broth with 1% glucose and 1–5% GOS. Interaction experiments were performed using duo- and multi-species models with inoculation of 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/mL <i>S. mutans</i>, 10<sup>3</sup> CFU/mL <i>C. albicans</i>, and 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL <i>L. plantarum</i> 14,917 under 1%, 5% GOS or 1% glucose. Viable cells and pH changes were measured. Real-time PCR was utilized to assess expression of <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>S. mutans</i> virulence genes. Six replicates were used for each group. Student’s <i>t</i>-test, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis were employed to compare the outcomes of different groups. GOS significantly inhibited the growth of <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>S. mutans</i> in terms of growth quantity and speed when the two strains were grown individually. However, GOS did not affect the growth of <i>L. plantarum</i> 14,917. Moreover, 1% and 5% GOS enhanced the anti-fungal performance of <i>L. plantarum</i> 14,917 in comparison to 1% glucose. GOS as the carbon source resulted in a less acidic environment in the <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>S. mutans</i> duo-species model and multispecies model where <i>L. plantarum</i> 14,917 was added. When GOS was utilized as the carbohydrate substrate, <i>S. mutans</i> and <i>C. albicans</i> had a significant reduction in the expression of the <i>HWP1</i>, <i>ECE1</i>, <i>atpD</i>, and <i>eno</i> genes (<i>p</i> < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first study that reported the ability of GOS to neutralize <i>S. mutans-C. albicans</i> high caries of medium pH and to disrupt virulence gene expression. Moreover, as a prebiotic, GOS augmented the inhibitory ability of <i>L. plantarum</i> against <i>C. albicans</i> in vitro. The current study revealed the anti-caries potential of prebiotics GOS and shed light on novel caries prevention strategies from the perspective of prebiotics and probiotics. These findings provide a rationale for future biofilm or clinical studies to elucidate the effect of GOS on modulating oral microbiota and caries control.