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Biofuel production from waste aids in waste reduction, effective treatment, and disposal. Bioenergy, a cost-effective and ecologically friendly fuel derived from renewable feedstock has been regarded as a long-term substitute and remedy for the negative consequences of fossil-fuel extraction and usage. Organic compounds, like lignocellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose are abundant in streamlined effluent and waste remnants, and they have a higher energy density. This research aims at how MFC may be used to generate electricity from varying sorts of agro-industrial effluents and crop residues. Microorganisms have long been recognized to be able to generate electricity via the extracellular transfer of electrons. Several other strategies were also employed for the generation of electric power from biomass. It is also seen that these bioelectrochemical systems are vulnerable to ambient and operational circumstances, such as temperature, pH, external resistance, and so on, unlike traditional fuel cells, which are based on stable chemical processes.