Impact of Nonzero Intercept Gas Transfer Velocity Parameterizations on Global and Regional Ocean–Atmosphere CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes

oleh: Mariana Ribas-Ribas, Gianna Battaglia, Matthew P. Humphreys, Oliver Wurl

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2019-05-01

Deskripsi

Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) fluxes between the ocean and atmosphere (<i>F</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) are commonly computed from differences between their partial pressures of CO<sub>2</sub> (&#916;<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) and the gas transfer velocity (k). Commonly used wind-based parameterizations for k imply a zero intercept, although in situ field data below 4 m s<sup>&#8722;1</sup> are scarce. Considering a global average wind speed over the ocean of 6.6 m s<sup>&#8722;1</sup>, a nonzero intercept might have a significant impact on global <i>F</i>CO<sub>2</sub>. Here, we present a database of 245 in situ measurements of k obtained with the floating chamber technique (Sniffle), 190 of which have wind speeds lower than 4 m s<sup>&#8722;1</sup>. A quadratic parameterization with wind speed and a nonzero intercept resulted in the best fit for k. We further tested <i>F</i>CO<sub>2</sub> calculated with a different parameterization with a complementary <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> observation-based product. Furthermore, we ran a simulation in a well-tested ocean model of intermediate complexity to test the implications of different gas transfer velocity parameterizations for the natural carbon cycle. The global ocean observation-based analysis suggests that ignoring a nonzero intercept results in an ocean-sink increase of 0.73 Gt C yr<sup>&#8722;1</sup>. This corresponds to a 28% higher uptake of CO<sub>2</sub> compared with the flux calculated from a parameterization with a nonzero intercept. The differences in <i>F</i>CO<sub>2</sub> were higher in the case of low wind conditions and large &#916;<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> between the ocean and atmosphere. Such conditions occur frequently in the Tropics.