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Objective To study the influence of the TNF-α induced mouse osteoblast under the inflammation condition on the function of the proliferation of osteoclast precursor cells by the indirect co-culture of the mouse osteoblast and osteoclast precursor cells.Methods The mouse osteoblast were cultured for 2, 4, 8, 16 h respectively according to the TNF-α 10 ng/mL concentration in order to be induced into inflammatory state. Its supernatant was extracted respectively and co-cultured with mouse monocyte with the addition of 30 μg/L activator for nuclear factor- receptor nuclear factor kappa ligand (RANKL). The proliferation activity was detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy and cell counting kit-8 cell (CCK-8) method.Results When the supernatant induced by TNF-α for 2 h was co-cultured with monocyte with RANKL, there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. The proliferation of primary osteoclast in experimental group was significant higher than control group when the osteoblast was induced at4 h. However, the proliferation of primary osteoclast in experimental group was significant lower than control group when the osteoblast was induced at 8, 16 h.Conclusion The osteoblasts may promote the proliferation of osteoclast precursor cells under transient inflammation stimulation. However, the osteoblast may have inhibitory effects on the proliferation of osteoclast precursor cells under the prolonged inflammatory stimulation.