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The color-change sapphire occurs in sillimanite-biotite gneiss in Fuping County Hebei province, China, is one of most famous sapphire deposits in China. However, the color genesis, mechanisms of color changing and compositional characteristics of the sapphire remain enigmatic. In this contribution, the coloration in the Fuping sapphire, color changing mechanisms and, compositional characteristics were studied by conventional gemological instruments in conjunction with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The results show that the Fuping sapphire is characterized by purple-blue-to-purple-red changed effect and column-shaped, waist drum-shaped with higher degree of euhedral crystal. Reddish brown rutile inclusions with 120° crossed cleavage are commonly observed. The dominant coloring element of the Fuping sapphire is Fe³⁺, and subordinate elements are Fe²⁺, Cr³⁺ and V³⁺. The color-change effect is caused by trace elements Cr³⁺ and V³⁺. The chemical compositions of Fuping color-change sapphires are analogous to those of metamorphic blue sapphires. When geochemically compared with sapphires from Isalo/Ilakaka deposit in Madagascar, Ratnapura deposit in Sri Lanka and Mogok in Myanmar, the Fuping color-change sapphires have distinctly higher rare element contents of Fe, Cr and Ga.