Therapeutic Effect of Scrophularia striata Ethanolic Extract against Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER)
oleh: Malihe ZAHIRI, Mehdi MOHEBALI, Mahnaz KHANAVI, Mousa SAHEBGHARANI, Abedin SAGHAFIPOUR, Jamileh ESMAEILI, Homa HAJJARAN, Amir Ahmad AKHAVAN, Seyed Mahdi REZAYAT
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2016-10-01 |
Deskripsi
<p><strong>Background:</strong> We evaluated the effect of the ethanolic extract of <em>Scrophularia striata</em> on the Iranian strain of <em>Leishmania major</em> (MRHO/IR/75/ER) both in vitro and in vivo conditions</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> The effective dose (ED) of ethanolic extract of <em>S. striata</em> were determined using MTT assay on the growth of promastigote forms of <em>L. major</em> in axenic culture media. Then, the ED<sub>50</sub> of <em>S. striata</em> on mice peritoneal macrophages was determined using calculation of amastigote forms on mice peritoneal macrophages. For in vivo experiments, the therapeutic effects of various concentrations of <em>S. striata</em> on infected BALB/c mice was studied. A total of 75 infected mice were randomly divided into five groups: two groups (10% and 50% of <em>S. striata</em>) as experimental and three as control (ethanol 50%, Glucantime® and no treatment). The efficacy were determined by comparing the diameters of lesions and the microscopically examinations.</p><p class="svarticle"><strong>Results:</strong><em> </em>The effect of <em>S. striata</em> extract (0/625%, 1/25%, 2/5%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 50%) on peritoneal macrophages of Balb/c mice infected with <em>L.major</em> in tissue-culture slides was assessed. <em>S. striata</em> extract (10%) removed the <em>L.major</em> amastigotes-infected macrophages significantly after 24 h (<em>P</em> < 0.05 ). The higher concentrations of <em>S. striata</em> ethanolic extract (20%, and 50%) had highly toxic effects on macrophages, resulted in the disintegration of the cytoplasm of macrophages after 48 and 72 h. In concentration 10% of <em>S. striata</em>, more than 85% of <em>L. major</em><em> </em>amastigotes-infected macrophages were damaged without cytotoxicity effects on macrophages. The higher concentrations had toxic effects on cultured macrophages. <em></em></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong><strong> </strong><em>S. striata</em> ethanolic extract 10% had anti<em> </em>leishmanial effects in both in vivo and in vitro.</p><p> </p>