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Whole Exome Sequencing Study Identifies Novel Rare Risk Variants for Habitual Coffee Consumption Involved in Olfactory Receptor and Hyperphagia
oleh: Bolun Cheng, Chuyu Pan, Shiqiang Cheng, Peilin Meng, Li Liu, Wenming Wei, Xuena Yang, Yumeng Jia, Yan Wen, Feng Zhang
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2022-10-01 |
Deskripsi
Habitual coffee consumption is an addictive behavior with unknown genetic variations and has raised public health issues about its potential health-related outcomes. We performed exome-wide association studies to identify rare risk variants contributing to habitual coffee consumption utilizing the newly released UK Biobank exome dataset (<i>n</i> = 200,643). A total of 34,761 qualifying variants were imported into SKAT to conduct gene-based burden and robust tests with minor allele frequency <0.01, adjusting the polygenic risk scores (PRS) of coffee intake to exclude the effect of common coffee-related polygenic risk. The gene-based burden and robust test of the exonic variants found seven exome-wide significant associations, such as <i>OR2G2</i> (<i>P<sub>SKAT</sub></i> = 1.88 × 10<sup>−9</sup>, <i>P<sub>SKAT-Robust</sub></i> = 2.91 × 10<sup>−17</sup>), <i>VEZT1</i> (<i>P<sub>SKAT</sub></i> = 3.72 × 10<sup>−7</sup>, <i>P<sub>SKAT-Robust</sub></i> = 1.41 × 10<sup>−7</sup>), and <i>IRGC</i> (<i>P<sub>SKAT</sub></i> = 2.92 × 10<sup>−5</sup>, <i>P<sub>SKAT-Robust</sub></i> = 1.07 × 10<sup>−7</sup>). These candidate genes were verified in the GWAS summary data of coffee intake, such as rs12737801 (<i>p</i> = 0.002) in <i>OR2G2</i>, and rs34439296 (<i>p</i> = 0.008) in <i>IRGC</i>. This study could help to extend genetic insights into the pathogenesis of coffee addiction, and may point to molecular mechanisms underlying health effects of habitual coffee consumption.