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Based on a collection of daily Search Index data of symptom-, prevention- and recovery-related terms in Baidu, this study visualizes the spatial patterns of public responses towards the COVID-19 outbreak during the response and coexisting response and recovery phases. We find that provincial capitals and cities in China’s Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta regions show a relatively high level of public responses in both phases. Furthermore, cities with similar past experiences show a high level of public responses in the response phase, suggesting that enhancing urban resilience is associated with the learning-by-doing process.