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In a stress-strength system, the mean remaining strength is the key to deciding the safety threshold for the system continuing to operate. In this study, a multi-state stress-strength system composed of two-state components is discussed, and the mean remaining strength of the system is studied. Applying a multidimensional signature, the dynamic signature form is established, and the mean remaining strength of the system in different states is deduced. Moreover, the nonparametric Bayesian method is used to estimate the mean remaining strength of the system. The results of Monte Carlo simulation show that the nonparametric Bayesian method can reasonably estimate the mean remaining strength of a multi-state system, and its estimation effect is better than that of the nonparametric estimation method. A practical case based on a fiber strength dataset is presented as an application of the proposed methodology.