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In this study, 11 PSRPC column specimens were designed and fabricated in order to investigate the stressing performance of incompletely prefabricated steel reactive powder concrete (PSRPC) columns and were subjected to static loading tests. The effects of the strength grade and steel content of reactive powder concrete (RPC) on the axial compression performance of PSRPC columns and the effects of the steel content and eccentricity on the eccentricity performance of PSRPC columns were investigated. The test results show that the external prefabricated RPC, the internal steel section and the internal cast-in-place RPC of the PSRPC column work well together. The damage morphology of the specimens and the load–displacement and strain relationships were analysed, and the damage mechanism and the main factors influencing the compressive load capacity of the PSRPC columns were investigated. The test results are compared with the calculation results of the Chinese code (JGJ 138-2016) and the European and American codes (AISC-LRFD), and the applicability of the existing codes is discussed. Based on the hoop restraint action and limit state design method, formulae for calculating the axial and partial compression load capacity of PSRPC columns were established. The calculated values were in good agreement with the test values, and the calculation errors were within 10%.