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This paper presents an updated list of the fishes of the Pauto river basin, Casanare. The update process was realized by collections in the field in the middle and lower part of the basin, revision of reference collections and secondary information available. A total of 182 species are recorded. Of these species, 60 are new records for the Pauto river basin. Only one species is included in the Red Book of freshwater fishes of Colombia. At the regional level, 52 species were identified as ornamental, and 24 are used as food; 8 species are exploited for both purposes. Based on the results, it is indispensable to re-evaluate the importance of the Pauto river basin as an area of interest for regional conservation.