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AIM:To discuss the clinical efficacy of 27-gauge(27G)vitrectomy with proliferative membrane cutting<i> in situ</i> for late proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR). <p>METHODS: Collecting 10 cases(15 eyes)with late PDR from January 2017 to August 2017 which underwent 27G microincision vitrectomy with cutting proliferative membrane <i>in situ</i>, we observed the rate of intraoperative iatrogenic retinal hole(IRH), the rate of silicone oil tamponade, the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and intraocular pressure(IOP)before and after operation. <p>RESULTS: IRH occurred in 4 eyes(27%, 4/15); Silicone oil was tamponaded in 6 eyes(40%, 6/15); BCVA was improved in 13 eyes and only 2 eyes unchanged 3mo after operation. The best visual acuity(VA)was 0.6. There was significant difference on BCVA between preoperative and postoperative 7d(<i>P</i><0.05). The same was found between preoperative and postoperative 1mo, even 3mo(<i>P</i><0.05). The average preoperative IOP was 16.95±6.87mmHg and postoperative 3mo was 15.27±4.57mmHg. There was no significant difference between them(<i>P</i>>0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: The 27G vitrectomy with cutting proliferative membrane <i>in situ</i> method is markedly superior in the treatment of late PDR, and the curative effect is specific. It can be given preference to late PDR.