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Fluorescence vs. Phosphorescence: Which Scenario Is Preferable in Au(I) Complexes with Benzothiadiazoles?
oleh: Radmir. M. Khisamov, Alexey A. Ryadun, Sergey N. Konchenko, Taisiya S. Sukhikh
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2022-11-01 |
Deskripsi
The photoluminescence of Au(I) complexes is generally characterized by long radiative lifetimes owing to the large spin-orbital coupling constant of the Au(I) ion. Herein, we report three brightly emissive Au(I) coordination compounds, <b>1</b>, <b>2a,</b> and <b>2b</b>, that reveal unexpectedly short emission lifetimes of 10–20 ns. Polymorphs <b>2a</b> and <b>2b</b> exclusively exhibit fluorescence, which is quite rare for Au(I) compounds, while compound <b>1</b> reveals fluorescence as the major radiative pathway, and a minor contribution of a microsecond-scale component. The fluorescent behaviour for <b>1</b>–<b>2</b> is rationalized by means of quantum chemical (TD)-DFT calculations, which reveal the following: (1) S<sub>0</sub>–S<sub>1</sub> and S<sub>0</sub>–T<sub>1</sub> transitions mainly exhibit an intraligand nature. (2) The calculated spin-orbital coupling (SOC) between the states is small, which is a consequence of overall small metal contribution to the frontier orbitals. (3) The T<sub>1</sub> state features much lower energy than the S<sub>1</sub> state (by ca. 7000 cm<sup>−1</sup>), which hinders the SOC between the states. Thus, the S<sub>1</sub> state decays in the form of fluorescence, rather than couples with T<sub>1</sub>. In the specific case of complex <b>1</b>, the potential energy surfaces for the S<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> states intersect, while the vibrationally resolved S<sub>1</sub>–S<sub>0</sub> and T<sub>2</sub>–S<sub>0</sub> calculated radiative transitions show substantial overlap. Thus, the microsecond-scale component for complex <b>1</b> can stem from the coupling between the S<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> states.