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A taxonomic study of Korean Mantodea using morphological and molecular characters (COI) is presented. Eight species [Amantis nawai (Shiraki, 1908), Acromantis japonica Westwood, 1889, Mantis religiosa sinica Bazyluk, 1960, Statilia maculata (Thunberg, 1784), Tenodera angustipennis Saussure, 1869, T. sinensis Saussure, 1871, Hierodula chinensis Werner, 1929, H. patellifera (Audinet-Serville, 1838)] belonging to six genera in three families are recognized. Interspecific genetic divergence of COI using uncorrected p-distance ranged from 6.7% to 22.4%, while intraspecific divergence ranged from 0% to 2.2% among eight Korean Mantodea species. All eight species were each strongly supported as a single lineage using COI on both neighbor-joining and parsimony trees. An illustrated key, redescriptions, habitus photographs, and illustrations of diagnostic characters of the species of Korean Mantodea are provided to facilitate identification.