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Objective: The aim of this study was to explore mothers’ perceived level of stress one month after hospital discharge following the birth of singleton and multiple preterm infants. Design: A cross-sectional design was used to compare mother’s perceived stress in two groups of postpartum mothers and the relationship of the theoretical antecedents and these variables. Setting: A neonatal intensive care unit in a medical center in Taiwan. Participants: Mothers of 52 singletons and 38 multiple premature infants were recruited. One month after the infant was discharged, the participants completed a self-reported questionnaire that included demographic data about the mother and infant, the 21-item Social Support Scale, and the 15-item Perceived Stress Scale. This was returned by email or completed at the outpatient unit. Analysis: Descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: The mean social support scores were 76.6 and 76.5 (out of 105) for mothers with singleton and multiple birth infants, respectively. The most important supporter was the husband. The mean perceived stress scores of 25.8 and 31.0 for mothers with singleton and multiple birth infants, respectively, were significantly different (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Sleep deprivation and social support were predictive indicators of perceived stress in mothers with preterm infants. Conclusions: We suggest that the differences in stress and needs of mothers with singleton and multiple births should be recognized and addressed in clinics. The findings of this study serve as a reference for promoting better preterm infant care.