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<i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> intervention can regulate body lipid metabolism, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our study investigated the effects of <i>L. delbrueckii</i> on serum lipid levels, tissular fat metabolism and deposition, bile acid metabolism, and gut microbiota in Ningxiang pigs. Ninety-six pigs were divided into two groups and fed basal diets containing either 0 (CON) or 0.1% <i>L. delbrueckii</i> (LD) for 60 days. Dietary <i>L. delbrueckii</i> promoted fecal total bile acid (TBA) excretion and increased hepatic enzyme activities related to cholesterol and bile synthesis but decreased hepatic and serum lipid concentrations. <i>L. delbrueckii</i> downregulated gene expression associated with fatty acid synthesis but upregulated gene expression related to lipolysis and β-fatty acid oxidation in liver and subcutaneous fat. <i>L. delbrueckii</i> elevated gut <i>Lactobacillus</i> abundance and colonic short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria but declined the abundance of some pathogenic bacteria. These findings demonstrated that <i>L. delbrueckii</i> modulated intestinal microbiota composition and facilitated fecal TBA excretion to regulate hepatic fat metabolism, which resulted in less lipid deposition in the liver and reduced levels of serum lipids.