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Leaf anatomical traits can reflect plant adaptation to environmental changes. However, whether the trade-offs among leaf anatomical traits can reflect the strategies spectrum of plant response to environmental changes and the strategic spectrum will shift with altitudes are not clear. In this study, 286 plant species from 19 altitudinal gradients from 1050 m to 3070 m on the eastern Tibetan Plateau were selected and 16 anatomical characters of blade, mesophyll and midrib were measured. The strategic spectra of leaf anatomical trait formation were studied by the principal components analysis, followed by generalized additive models of the strategic spectra with shift in elevation to test the shift of strategy spectra along altitudes. There are differences in response mode and intensity between woody plants and herbaceous plants along altitudes. Blade strategic spectrum (BSS), blade and mesophyll strategic spectrum (BMSS) and midrib strategic spectrum (MSS) were formed in the tissue of leaves, and the score of principal component one (PC1) was not significant between herbs and woody plants (P > 0.05). There was mainly the spectrum of conservation and supported strategies and the spectrum of resource acquisition and consumption. With increasing altitudes, the habita tended to become unsuitable for plant growth and the resources available to plants reduced. Consequently, the plants shifted from a “invest-fast-reap” acquisition strategy to a “invest-slow-reap” conservative strategy.