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Introduction: There are known issues and ongoing discussions regarding calibration methods using peripheral mean and diastolic or peripheral systolic and diastolic pressure for the determination of central systolic blood pressure. The aim of this cross-sectional study is an analysis of determinants for the differences in central systolic blood pressure between the two calibration methods. Methods: All measurements were obtained with the Mobil-O-Graph 24h PWA monitor calibrated with both calibration methods within the ISAR hemodialysis study. Measurement started after a short dialysis interval prior to dialysis and lasted for 24-hours. Peripheral and central systolic blood pressures were averaged. 345 patients (231 male / 114 female; 65 +− 15 years) were included and grouped according to peripheral systolic blood pressure and one of the following factors: age, sex, body-mass-index, diabetes mellitus, length of dialysis and coronary artery disease. Results: There is a significant influence of age, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease, but not of sex, body-mass-index and length of dialysis. Exemplarily, significant differences in central systolic blood pressure were 12.5 +− 7.3 (pSBP <= 130 mmHg, no diabetes mellitus), 17.0 +− 9.9 mmHg (pSBP <= 130 mmHg, diabetes mellitus), 18.6 +− 11.3 mmHg (pSBP > 130 mmHg, no diabetes mellitus) and 26.1 +− 16.2 (pSBP > 130 mmHg, diabetes mellitus). Conclusions: These findings enhance our understanding of the differences in the two calibration methods. These results are generally assumed to play a role in future risk classification. It is suggested that the association of these factors is investigated in future studies.