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Phytohormone-related transcription factors (TFs) are involved in regulating stress responses and plant growth. However, systematic analysis of these <i>TFs</i> in Brassicaceae is limited, and their functions in stress adaptation and plant height (PH) regulation remain unclear. In this study, 2115 hormone-related <i>TFs</i> were identified in nine Brassicaceae species. Specific domains were found in several Brassicaceae hormone-related TFs, which may be associated with diverse functions. Syntenic analysis indicated that expansion of these genes was mainly caused by segmental duplication, with whole-genome duplication occurring in some species. Differential expression analysis and gene co-expression network analysis identified seven phytohormone-related <i>TFs</i> (<i>BnaWRKY7</i>, <i>21</i>, <i>32</i>, <i>38</i>, <i>52</i>, <i>BnaGL3-4</i>, and <i>BnaAREB2-5</i>) as possible key genes for cadmium (Cd) toxicity, salinity stress, and potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) deficiencies. Furthermore, <i>BnaWRKY42</i> and <i>BnaARR21</i> may play essential roles in plant height. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 15 phytohormone-related <i>TFs</i> and their potential target genes regulating stress adaptation and plant height. Among the above genes, <i>BnaWRKY56</i> and <i>BnaWRKY60</i> responded to four different stresses simultaneously, and <i>BnaWRKY42</i> was identified in two dwarf rapeseeds. In summary, several candidate genes for stress resistance (<i>BnaWRKY56</i> and <i>BnaWRKY60</i>) and plant height (<i>BnaWRKY42</i>) were identified. These findings should help elucidate the biological roles of Brassicaceae hormone-related <i>TFs</i>, and the identified candidate genes should provide a genetic resource for the potential development of stress-tolerant and dwarf oilseed plants.