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Introduction:This present study aimed to examine the effects of long-term resistance exercise (REG) and aerobic exercise (AEG) on the adiponectin, insulin resistance, lipid profile and body composition in adolescent boys with obesity.Methods:Sixteen obese adolescent boys (age: 16.81±0.91 years) who studied at high school in İstanbul voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of (REG; n=8) and (AEG; n=8). The participants followed their exercise schedule for six months (3 days/wk, 60 min/day). The serum lipid profile, adiponectin, glucose, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels and body composition of the participants were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study. A Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for analyses, and the criterion for statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results:HOMA-IR, insulin, glucose and serum lipid levels decreased in both groups (p<0.05). Adiponectin and highdensity lipoprotein increased only in the AEG (p<0.05). Lowdensity lipoprotein level was statistically decreased only in the REG (p<0.05).Conclusion:These results indicated that both types of exercises had positive effects on insulin resistance, per cent body fat, weight and fat-free body mass. Long-term (6 months) aerobic and REG had different positive effects on adiponectin and the lipid profile. Although the effects of long-term aerobic exercise on biochemical parameters are higher than REG, it was remarkable that REG proved to be an alternative model to AEG.