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Through in situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) experiments, this paper uncovers dominant damage mechanisms in traditional magnesium alloys exhibiting deformation twinning. The findings emphasize the level of deleterious strain incompatibility induced by twin interaction with other deformation modes and microstructural defects. A double fiber obtained by plane-strain extrusion as a starting texture of AM30 magnesium alloy offered the opportunity to track deformation by EBSD in neighboring grains where some undergo profuse {1 0 <span style="text-decoration: overline;">1</span> 2} twinning and others do not. For a tensile loading applied along extrusion transverse (ET) direction, those experiencing profuse twinning reveal a major effect of grain boundaries on non-Schmid behavior affecting twin variant selection and growth. Similarly, a neighboring grain, with its 〈<i>c</i>〉-axis oriented nearly perpendicular to tensile loading, showed an abnormally early nucleation of {1 0 <span style="text-decoration: overline;">1</span> 1} contraction twins (2% strain) while the same {1 0 <span style="text-decoration: overline;">1</span> 1} twin mode triggering under 〈<i>c</i>〉-axis uniaxial compression have higher value of critical resolved shear stress exceeding the values for pyramidal 〈<i>c</i> + <i>a</i>〉 dislocations. The difference in nucleation behavior of contraction vs. compression {1 0 <span style="text-decoration: overline;">1</span> 1} twins is attributed to the hydrostatic stresses that promote the required atomic shuffles at the core of twinning disconnections.