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Rising pollution levels and depleting natural resources are an increasing concern in the automotive industry, which serves as a great challenge for researchers to develop more alternative and renewable fuel, and low emission engines. The proposed study investigates how two different thicknesses of ceramic coating, different compression ratios, and biofuel affect the performance, combustion, and emission parameters of a CI(compression ignition) engine. The experiments were conducted by using two coated pistons with coating thicknesses of 250 ​μm and 500 ​μm for three compression ratios 16, 17, and 18, and their effects were studied by comparing the results with the non-coated piston. Whereas the effect of biofuel was observed by comparing the results obtained for the tests conducted with diesel as a fuel for both coated and non-coated pistons. It was revealed through the experimental analysis that, as the coating thickness increases the thermal efficiency(BTE) increased by approximately 6% for 250 ​μm and by8% for 500 ​μm, contrarily the brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC) reduces by approximately 18% for 250 ​μm and 20% for 500 ​μm. A fall in CO(Carbon monoxide), HC(Hydrocarbon), and smoke emissions were seen within the range of 23–40%, 17–42%, and 11–35% respectively, but NOx(Nitrogen oxide)tends to increase by 15–180 ​ppm.