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In order to understand the fracture resistance of nanocrystalline thin films, it is necessary to assess nanoscopic multiaxial stress fields accompanying crack growth during irreversible deformation. Here, a clamped cantilever with dimensions of 200 × 23.7 × 40 μm3 was machined by focused ion beam milling from a thin film composed of four alternating CrN and Cr layers. The cantilever was loaded to 460 mN in two steps and multiaxial strain distributions were determined by in situ cross-sectional X-ray nanodiffraction. Characterization in as-deposited state revealed the depth variation of fibre texture and residual stress across the layers. The in situ experiment indicated a strong influence of the residual stresses on the cross-sectional stress fields evolution and crack arrest capability at the CrN-Cr interface. In detail, an effective negative stress intensity of −5.9 ± 0.4 MPa m½ arose as a consequence of the residual stress state. Crack growth in the notched Cr layer occurred at a critical stress intensity of 2.8 ± 0.5 MPa m½. The results were complemented by two-dimensional numerical simulation to gain further insight into the elastic-plastic deformation evolution. The quantitative experimental and modelling results elucidate the stepwise nature of fracture advancement across the alternating brittle and ductile layers and their interfaces.