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The type species of <i>Filchneria</i> Klapálek, 1908, <i>F. mongolica</i> (Klapálek, 1901), is based on a single female collected from Mongolia, but it was considered the same as another species, <i>F. songi</i> from Qinling, China, when the genus <i>Filchneria</i> was proposed. This study narrates the story of these two species, which have been confused for a century. Until now, the distribution of <i>F. mongolica</i> has been confirmed only in Mongolia and Russia, and we recently recorded it for the first time in Inner Mongolia as a new species record in China. Additionally, the genus <i>Sinoperlodes</i> is a junior synonym of <i>Filchneria</i>, as demonstrated by both the morphological and molecular analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on the subfamily Perlodinae is provided, along with morphological and biogeographic comparisons of <i>Filchneria</i> and its relatives.