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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as probiotic candidates have various beneficial functions, such as regulating gut microbiota, inhibiting intestinal pathogens, and improving gut immunity. The colonization of the intestine is a prerequisite for probiotic function. Therefore, it is necessary to screen the highly adherent LAB. In this study, the cell surface properties, such as hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, and adhesion abilities of the six chicken-derived LAB to Caco-2 cells were investigated. All six strains showed different hydrophobicity (21.18–95.27%), auto-aggregation (13.61–30.17%), co-aggregation with <i>Escherichia coli</i> ATCC 25922 (10.23–36.23%), and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> subsp. <i>enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium ATCC 13311 (11.71–39.35%), and adhesion to Caco-2 cells (8.57–26.37%). <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> 2–5 and <i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> L-3 were identified as the strains with strong adhesion abilities (26.37% and 21.57%, respectively). Moreover, these strains could survive in a gastric acid environment at pH 2, 3, and 4 for 3 h and in a bile salt environment at 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) concentration for 6 h. Furthermore, the cell-free supernatant of <i>P. pentosaceus</i> 2–5 and <i>L. reuteri</i> L-3 inhibited the growth of enteropathogenic bacteria and the strains inhibited the adhesion of these pathogens to Caco-2 cells. In this study, these results suggested that <i>P. pentosaceus</i> 2–5 and <i>L. reuteri</i> L-3, isolated from chicken intestines might be good probiotic candidates to be used as feed additives or delivery vehicles of biologically active substances.