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In the present study, we surveyed the ascomycetes from bamboo of <i>Phyllostachys</i> across Sichuan Province, China. A biphasic approach based on morphological characteristics and multigene phylogeny confirmed seven species, including one new genus, two new species, and five new host record species. A novel genus <i>Paralloneottiosporina</i> is introduced to accommodate <i>Pa. sichuanensis</i> that was collected from leaves of <i>Phyllostachys violascens</i>. Moreover, the newly introduced species <i>Bifusisporella sichuanensis</i> was isolated from leaves of <i>P. edulis</i>, and five species were newly recorded on bamboos, four species belonging to <i>Apiospora</i>, viz. <i>Ap. yunnana</i>, <i>Ap. neosubglobosa</i>, <i>Ap. jiangxiensis</i>, and <i>Ap. hydei</i>, and the last species, <i>Seriascoma yunnanense,</i> isolated from dead culms of <i>P. heterocycla</i>. Morphologically similar and phylogenetically related taxa were compared. Comprehensive descriptions, color photo plates of micromorphology are provided.