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Electricity production in the French overseas territories largely depends on fossil fuels. The context of the environmentalization of energy policies, joined by the current debates about blue growth, encourages the islands to present themselves as laboratory territories for new environmental technologies. It’s in this favorable context at the conjunction of various dynamics that projects of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) are born, like the NEMO project in Martinique. In the field of marine energy, it’s probably the least known of the public, yet one of the most strategic. A science at the crossroads of three economic sectors, energy, industry and maritime, where France is at the forefront.