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Low phosphorus increases acid phosphatase activity and transfers soluble phosphorus from the underground to the above-ground, but also inhibits the growth and development of the Moso bamboo root system. Purple acid phosphatase (PAP), a kind of acid phosphatase, plays an important role in phosphorus (P) uptake and metabolism. In our study of the Moso bamboo <i>PAP</i> gene family, we identified 17 Moso bamboo <i>PAP</i> genes (<i>PePAP</i>) in the entire genome and further analyzed their physical and chemical properties and functions <i>PePAP</i>. According to the analysis of the phylogenetic tree, special domains and conserved motifs, these 17 genes can be divided into four categories. The gene structure and conserved motifs are relatively conservative, but the 17 sequences of the PePAP domain are diverse. The prediction of the subcellular location indicated that PePAPs are mainly located in the secretory pathway. We have studied the expression levels of these <i>PePAP</i> in different organs, such as the roots, stems and leaves of Moso bamboo, and the results show that the expression of most <i>PePAP</i> genes in roots and stems seems to be higher than that in leaves. In addition to tissue-specific expression analysis, we also studied the expression of <i>PePAPs</i> under low phosphorus stress. Under such conditions, the <i>PePAP</i> genes show an increase in expression in the roots, stem and leaves, and the extent of this change varies between genes. In summary, our results reveal the evolution of the <i>PePAP</i> gene in the Moso bamboo genome and provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of the PePAP-mediated response of Moso bamboo to low phosphorus.